Myanmar Police Force

MYANMAR POLICE FORCE

Background

During the Reign of the Myanmar Monarchs, local police were formed under the Mayors and Village Headmen; and they were also the Military reserved personnel. The British policing system was introduced in 1885, when the Union of Myanmar became a British Colony. At that time, the Police Force was known as the Burma Police. The Burma Police was reorganized as the People’s Police Force in 1964, and was reorganized again to the present set-up as the Myanmar Police Force on 1st October, 1995.

The Union of Myanmar has undergone many changes after 1988. Likewise, the Myanmar Police Force has to Change the Administration System to be in the line with the new Administration System of the Country. The Committee for Reorganization of Police Administration System which is presided by Secretary of the State Peace and Development Council was formed in 28 January 1994. Now the Committee is scrutinizing the whole system and making necessary changes.

Objectives

The Myanmar Police Force has as its objectives:-

a. Community Peace and Tranquillity.

b. Prevalence of Law and Order.

c. Narcotic Drugs Suppression.

d. To Carry out Community Welfare Activities.

Functions

a. Prevention of Crime.

b. Detection and Proceeding of Crime.

c. Maintenance of Public Order.

d. Public Security.

e. Drug Enforcement.

Organizational set-up

The Director General of Myanmar Police Force holding the rank of Police Major General is in command of the whole Police Force. According to the present set-up the Myanmar Police Force has six components. They are:

a. Headquarters.

b. State and Division Police Forces.

c. Special Departments.

d. Training Centres.

e. Reserved Units.

f. Police Battalions.

The Headquarters. The Headquarters is headed by the Director General of Police. Under his command, a Deputy Director General who holds the rank of Police Brigadier General and second commander takes responsibility for the proper command, control and monitor all the Departments of the Myanmar Police Force. Also four other Police Brigadier Generals, who are responsible for General Staff Department, Personnel Department, Logistics Department and the Office of the Commanding for Police Battalion respectively.

The State and Division Police Forces. There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State Police Forces commanded by Police Colonels. Their jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil Administration. The States and Divisions and Additional States have the same status. The State and Divisional Police Forces consist of four components. These are:

a. Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force.

b. Office of the Commander of the District Police Force.

c. Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force.

d. Police Stations.

The District Police Forces are classified into two classes depending on the area, population and development. Commanders of the A Class District Police Forces are Police Lieutenant Colonels and B Classes are Police Majors. Commanders of Township Police Forces are Police Captains and Police Station Officers are Police Lieutenants.

The Department- There is four Departments, in which the first two Departments are headed by the Police Brigadier Generals and the rest two are by Police Colonels. They are as follows:-

a. Criminal Investigation Department

b. Special Branch

c. Railways Police Force.

d. City Development Police Force.

Criminal Investigation Department

It has been commanded by a Police Brigadier General and its functions are mentioned below:-

a. Detection and investigation of serious crimes.

b. Assistance imparts to the respective police station in order to reveal clues and evidences at the crime

scene.

c. Examine on serious crime and opinion provision.

d. Keep records on convicted and search for former convictions.

Enhancement on capabilities of police members, the under mentioned trainings are opened:-

a. Detective officer training course. 12 weeks.

b. Narcotic Drugs Investigation officer course. 6 weeks.

Special Branch

Director of Special Branch is a Police Brigadier General and its functions are as follows:-

a. Detection and revelation on information with activities of people and political leagues which could ruin the

security of state.

b. Detection and revelation of movement of religious societies, sagas, labours and students.

c. Detection and revelation of the movement of diplomats from embassies in Yangon, tourists and aliens.

d. Scrutinize and issue passports to Myanmar citizens who are leaving abroad.

e. Carry out protection and security combining with counterpart agencies for chief and state heads, state

guests visiting Myanmar and chiefs of other nations.

f. Action has been taken upon those societies, people, sagas and foreigners in accordance with the law,

who make destructive impediments in order to obstruct stability of the state, community peace and

prevalence of law and order.

Enhancement of competency in the Special Branch the under mentioned courses have been opened-

a. Basic security and intelligence course for officers. 8 weeks.

b. Special interrogation course for officers. 4 weeks.

c. Enhancement of qualitative course for detachment officers. 8 weeks.

d. Basic security and intelligence course for NCO. 4 weeks.

City Development Police Force

There are Yangon Mandalay and Nay Pyi Daw, Yangon and Mandalay are been by a police Colonel. Mandalay is been headed by a police Major. Their functions are as follows:-

a. Perform the functions on security and maintenance of rules and regulations stipulated by the city

development committee.

b. If there is necessary perform in all police duties for prevalence of law and order and community peace

regarding the command of the Director General of Myanmar Police Force.

c. Inspect road side sellers and pavement venders whether they are in orderly positions or not.

d. Clear up disappearance of non status persons, psychopaths and lepers.

e. Perform security duty to the city development owned building, park and livestock breeding farms and water

reservoirs.

f. Clear up the mob by mounted police, patrol water reservoirs and practice on horse back riding

improvement.

g. Arrest those who violate traffic rules and regulations by parking vehicle repairing on the road, halt vehicles

on road within white - red dot lines, parallel stoppage of vehicles and pull up on road where stoppage is

not allowed.

Railways Police Force

If has been commanded by a Police Colonel and its functions are as follows:-

a. Information of espionage, sabotage and harassment are to be attainable first / foremost and submit.

b. Arrange for force collecting in section and rehearsal for the reserved of Myanmar Police Force to defend

the state.

c. If there was a outbreak of uprising or riot, blockade and clear them up in accordance with the directives of

Myanmar Police Force.

d. Systematic and effective management on prevention of crime occurrence and reduction of offence.

e. Detection and arrest all 4 kinds of fugitives without having balanced.

f. Safeguard and patrol the railway stations.

g. Practice on community policing system regarding the local situation.

h. Clear up five lacks of ticket, railway freight receipt, license, discipline and situation.

i. Systematic record keeping on habitual criminal offenders and not loose sight on them.

j. Efficient management to be made up for the suppression of narcotic drugs.

k. Detection and prosecution of crimes occurred.

l. Perform straight forward for advancement and development of police stations.

Training Centre

In Myanmar there is one Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force CTIMPF and two Police Training Centres. CTIMPF is headed by one Police Brigadier General and its duties and functions are as follows:-

a. Implementation of training policies stipulated by the Myanmar Police Force.

b. Implementation of Myanmar Police Force goal and accountability.

c. Scrutinize and redraw curriculum and technology progress regarding the timely situation.

d. Lay down on managerial arrangements for instructors for the enhancement of capabilities.

e. Perform to gain successful training objectives of their kinds.

f. Manage and practice officers’ moral, discipline and morale for the betterment in order to serve others’

advantage.

The policies of CTIMPF are laid down as follows:-

a. Well practice on belief and conviction.

b. Practice for the firm stance on government side.

c. Practice leads to assume responsibility of others interests with good morals, discipline and morale.

d. Practice the dutiful performance for goals of Myanmar Police Force.

e. Practice to observe, to understand the law, procedure and directives incompatible with position.

f. Lecture leads to modern technology, education and knowledge with continuation of minded soul.

g. Practice leads to enhancement of 4 kinds of competencies.

The Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force provides under mentioned police training courses:-.

a. The Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force is situated in Pyin Oo Lwin is commanded by a

Police Brigadier General, and is conducting the following courses :

(1) Deputy Superintendent Cadet Course (12) months in CTIMPF, 6 months in Defence Service and 12

months of on –the-job Training).

(2) Police Cadet Officer Course (52 weeks).

(3) Surveillance Officer Course (6 weeks).

(4) Investigation Officer Course (6 weeks).

(5) Police Station Officer Course (8 weeks).

(6) Township Police Commander Course (8 weeks).

(7) District Police Commander Course (12 weeks).

(8) Crime Record Officer’s Course (6 weeks).

(9) Officer Instructor Course (4 weeks).

(10) Course on Enhancement of competency (6 weeks).

for Senior Officers of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

b. The No.1 Police Training Centre is commanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel and undertakes:

(1) Training Course for Junior NCO (4 weeks)

(2) Training Course for Senior NCO (4 weeks)

and Police Sergeant Course

(3) Instructor Replication Course. (4 weeks).

(4) Constables Basic Training Course. (24weeks).

(5) Station Writer Course (4 weeks)

c. The No.2 Police Training Centre is also commanded by a Police Lieutenant Colonel, and undertakes only

Basic Training Course for Constables. (24 weeks).

d. The State and Divisional Police Forces have their own training centres for refresher courses and Junior

NCO Courses.

The Units – There are two kinds of Reserved Units attached to State and Divisional Police Forces to carry out their respective duties. These are:-

a. Highway Patrol Units.

b. Oil Field Security Units.

Police Battalions Command

It is commanded by a Police Brigadier General, the under mentioned duties and functions are carried out as follows:-

a. Suppression of uprising sabotage and riot.

b. Perform security for Heads and State Guests.

c. Perform security of Chief and Heads of state and state Ceremonies.

d. Carry out security for VIP’s residence and departmental buildings.

e. Carry out security for embassies and diplomatic residential buildings.

f. Safeguard on important dams and dykes, industries and factories, roads and bridges.

g. Safeguard on foreign schools and chanceries.

h. Protect valuable cargo transportation.

i. Conduct coastal vessel security.

j. Safety measure taken on dispatching prisoners and convicts.

k. Carried out public welfare activities.

Myanmar Police Force has 16 numbers of police battalions and Commanding Office of the Police Battalion Command conducts the general security matters. Each battalion has been commanded by a police lieutenant colonel.

Narcotic Drug Suppression Division

In the organization of Headquarters, under the command of the General Staff Department there is drug Elimination Division. A Police Colonel is the Head of the Division and under his command. International Relations Sub-division and Drug Elimination Sub-division which were formed with 26 numbers of Task Forces.

Accepting the narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances as not only the menace to the entire Myanmar people but also as the scourge to towards the whole of mankind, Myanmar laid down two strategies, three tactics and three means in striving with added momentum to totally root out the danger within 15 years.

Reorganization of the Central Committee. The Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control was reorganized on 31 December 1997 under Government Notification No.20/97. In the accordance with the 1993 Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law, working committees at the central, state and division, district, township, ward and village tract levels were formed. The Chairman is the Minister for Home Affairs, with two Vice Chairmen and 24 Central Committee Members. The Director General of Myanmar Police Force is the Secretary. There are also 12 sectors and work committees created under the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC). The Monitoring Committee, International Relations sector and Property Examination Committee have most recently been formed.

Promulgation of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law and Rules. On 17 January 1993 the State Law and Order Restoration Council Law No1/93 promulgated the Narcotic drugs and Psychotropic Substances Law. It is drawn up to be in consonance with the 1998 UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances. In accordance with the law, the Military of Health notified 126 drugs as narcotics and 113 psychotropic, 25 precursors Chemicals.

Enactment of Rules of Control of Money Laundering Law. Control of Money Laundering Law is followed by the Rules which are enacted by the Notification No. 1/2003 of the Ministry of Home Affairs on 5 December 2003 in order to freeze the illegal assets and money.

Enactment of Rules on Control of Chemical Precursors. The Ministry of Home Affairs enacted the Rules on the control of Chemical Precursors on 1st July 2004 by the Notification No 3/2004 in Complained with the Section No. 30(a) of the Law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic substances

THE TWO-POINT NATIONAL STRATEGY

FOR NARCOTIC DRUGS CONTROL

* The designation of narcotic drugs eradication as a national duty and the comprehensive implementation of that strategy.

* The development and enhancement of the standard of living of the national races in the border areas and the total eradication of poppy cultivation.

THE THREE TACTICS

* Supply Elimination

* Demand Elimination

* Law Enforcement

THE THREE METHODS

* Enlighten the producer and abuser of narcotic drugs to enlighten their belief, conviction and their

psychological make-up for the better.

* Afford easy access and communication between national races on the hills and those at various other

places.

* To develop the socio-economic condition of the national races at the border areas.

The 15 Year Narcotics Elimination Plan

* First Phase (1999/2000 to 2003/2004)

- 22 Townships

* 15 townships in Northern Shan State.

* 6 townships in Southern Shan State.

* 1 township in Eastern Shan State.

The 15 Year Narcotics Elimination Plan

* Second Phase (2004/2005 to 2008/2009)

- 20 Townships

* 6 townships in Northern Shan State.

* 3 townships in Southern Shan State.

* 7 townships in Eastern Shan State.

* 4 townships in Kachin State.

The 15 Year Narcotics Elimination Plan

* Third Phase (2009/2010 to 2013/2014)

- 9 Townships

* 5 townships in Southern Shan State.

* 2 townships in Kayah State.

* 2 townships in Chin State.

The 15 Year Narcotics Elimination Plan

* Budget

- 33,588.14 Million Kyats

- 150 Million US $

Department of Transnational Crimes

Myanmar is one of the member states of the United Nations. Myanmar Police Force has been implementing it portion in harmony with the United Nations Security Council Resolution numbers 1373, 1276 and 1455. Myanmar has been a member state in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organize Crime on 30 March 2004. As a consequence Myanmar Police Force has initially established the Department of Transnational Crime on September 2004. So that cooperation with the international, neighbouring countries ASEAN nation and Asian States has been made up. It is headed by one police colonel acted as the head of the department activating in suppression of transnational crimes including international relations. The following offences are primarily eradicated;

a. Terrorism.

b. Narcotic Offense.

c. Arms Smuggling.

d. Sea Piracy.

e. Cyber Crime.

f. Money Laundering.

g. Trafficking in Person.

h. Economic Crime.

Annual Senior Officials Meeting on transnational organized crimes for SOMTC and once in every two year transnational organized crimes meeting for AMMTC are attended by Myanmar with the implementation on what have been decided in regional criminal suppression and prevention. The 9thASEAN Senior Officials Meeting on Transnational Crime was held on 30, June to 4, July 2009 that was hosted by Myanmar.

Anti-Trafficking Unit's measures against Trafficking in persons

1. The Anti-Trafficking Unit was established on 2004. Further more, numbers of 22 Anti Trafficking task forces were established in the hot spot areas, which are each 9 ATTFs on 2006 and 2007, 3 ATTFs on 2008 and ATTF on 2009.

2. The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Law was enacted on 13th September 2005. From the beginning of 2006 to April 2009, 468 trafficking cases were identified and 646 offenders were taken action and also 915 victims were rescued.

3. Myanmar Police Force has been cooperating with the relevant government agencies, NGOs, INGOs, UN agencies and international organization to combat trafficking in persons issues, Especially who rating with the Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons Project (ARTIP) and the member countries of GMS. In accordance with the agreement on cooperation and Preventing trafficking in persons with the People's Republic of China and BLOs were established at Muse, Myanmar and Ruili, China on 2007 and also the other 2 BLOs were established at Loijei, Myanmar and Jing feng, China in 2008. MoU on combating Trafficking person between Myanmar and Thailand to cooperate was signed on 24 April 2009 and between Myanmar and China MoU was signed on 11st November 2009.

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